The Navajo Alphabet
Sections
The Navajo Alphabet
There are 36 characters in the Navajo alphabet.
A, B, CH, CH', D, Dl, Dz, E, G, Gh, H, Hw, I, J, K, K’, Kw, L, Ł, M, N, O, S, Sh, T, T’, Tł, Tł’, Ts, Ts’, W, X, Y, Z, Zh, ’
Vowels (Za'aan)
There are 4 Navajo Vowels.
A, E, I, O
Constanants (Zatl'ah)
These are all the consonants in the Navajo alphabet.
B, C, D, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, S, T, W, X, Y, Z, Ł, ’
Diacritical Markings
Description for diacritical markings.
| Dego Diits'a' | High Tone | á é í ó |
| Chííshtah Diits’a’ | Nasal Tone | ą ę į ǫ |
| Niiltli’ | Glottal Stop | [ ' ] |
Diphthongs
Short vowel combinations with special pronunciation.
ei, oi, ai, ao
Digraphs
Combinations of consonants that make one sound.
ch, dl, dz, gh, hw, kw, sh, ts, tł, zh
Glottalized Consonants
There are 5 glottalized consonants. The ( ’ ) makes the sound stop when you are saying a word.
k’, t’, ch’, ts’, tł’
Navajo Alphabet Reference
| Letter | Navajo | English | English Sound Equivalents | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | abe' | milk | like /a/ in art |
| 2 | B | béésh | knife | like /p/ in spot |
| 3 | CH | chizh | fire wood | like /ch/ in child |
| 4 | CH' | ch’ah | hat | |
| 5 | D | dibé | sheep | like /t/ in stop |
| 6 | Dl | dleesh | white clay | like /tl/ in belittleing |
| 7 | Dz | dził | mountain | like /dz/ in ads |
| 8 | E | e’e’aah | west | like /e/ in set |
| 9 | G | gah | rabbit | like /k/ in sky |
| 10 | Gh | hooghan | hogan/home | |
| 11 | H | hosh | cactus | like /h/ in harsh or huge |
| 12 | Hw | Hwééldi | Ft. Sumner | like /wh/ in when |
| 13 | I | sis | belt | like /i/ in sit |
| 14 | J | jeeh | gum | like /j/ in jar |
| 15 | K | ké | shoes | /k/ with slight /h/ sound /kh/ |
| 16 | K' | k’aa’ | arrow | |
| 17 | Kw | kwe’é | right here | like /qu/ in quick |
| 18 | L | lájish | gloves | like /l/ in let |
| 19 | Ł | łid | smoke | unvoiced /thl/ sound |
| 20 | M | ma’ii | coyote | like /m/ in mark |
| 21 | N | naaki | two | like /n/ in now |
| 22 | O | k’os | clouds | like /o/ in code |
| 23 | S | sáanii | women (older) | like /s/ in sun |
| 24 | Sh | shash | bear | like /sh/ in shark |
| 25 | T | tin | ice | /t/ with slight /x/ sound /tx/ |
| 26 | T’ | t’ááłá’í | one | |
| 27 | Tł | tłah | lotion/ointment | like /cl/ in closet |
| 28 | Tł’ | tł’ízí | goat | |
| 29 | Ts | tsin | stick/wood | like /ts/ in hats |
| 30 | Ts’ | ts’in | bone | |
| 31 | W | wólázhiní | black ant | |
| 32 | X | łitsxo | orange | used to stress the sound of the letters next to it |
| 33 | Y | yaa’ | lice | like /y/ in yard |
| 34 | Z | zas | snow | like /z/ in zero |
| 35 | Zh | bízhi’ | his/her name | like /s/ in pleasure |
| 36 | [’] | (glottal stop) | cut off sound |